拉尔夫·沃恩·威廉斯，英国作曲家，外文名英语：Ralph Vaughan Williams，生卒时间1872年10月12日-1958年8月26日。
生活
早年
达尔文-威奇伍德-加尔顿家庭谱系，指出威廉斯和达尔文、威奇伍德的关系
沃恩·威廉斯出生于格洛斯特郡的下安普尼，而其父亚瑟·沃恩·威廉斯则是一名副主教。父亲逝世后，他在1875年被其母亲玛格丽特·苏珊·威奇伍德(Margaret Susan Wedgwood，1843–1937，陶瓷家约书亚·威奇伍德之曾孙女)照顾，并于其位于市北处的利斯山地方的家庭同住。达尔文为威廉斯的伯叔，两者间颇有关系。 拉尔夫(英语作Rayf)于是被称作尊贵而聪明的中上阶级，但他没有视以为自然，仍努力不懈为其相信的民主和自由观念奋斗。
作为一个学生，他学习钢琴，“但我永不懂弹奏，而小提琴则是我音乐的拯救”。中学毕业之后，进入皇家音乐学院，然后进入剑桥三一学院学习音乐史，后又回到皇家音乐学院学习作曲。
1909年赴巴黎，就教于拉威尔，为拉威尔唯一的门徒。
他的音乐创作成就很晚，直到30岁他的一首名叫《Linden Lea》歌曲才成为他的第一个发表作品。他把很多精力用于收集民歌。
作品
歌剧
Hugh the Drover或Love in the Stocks(1910-20)
Sir John in Love(约翰爵士谈恋爱1924-28)，即其创作之绿袖子主题幻想曲的来源。
The Poisoned Kiss(1927-29，修订版为1936-37及1956-57)
Riders to the Sea(海上骑士、骑马入海的人，1925-32)，由约翰·米灵顿·辛奇(John Millington Synge)之剧本改篇。
The Pilgrim's Progress(天路历程，1909-51)，基于约翰·本仁之托寓诗
芭蕾
Old King Cole(大王科尔，1923)
Job, a masque for dancing(假面舞剧《约伯》，1930)
管弦乐
交响曲
《在郊野的沼泽上》In the Fen Country(1904)
《第1诺福克幻想曲》Norfolk Rhapsody No. 1(1906，1914修订)
《黄蜂》The Wasps，阿里斯托芬式组曲(1909)
《泰利斯主题幻想曲》Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis(1910，1913及1919修订)
《绿袖子幻想曲》Fantasia on "Greensleeves"(1934)
《迪夫与拉沙罗的五个变奏曲》Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus(1939)
《大协奏曲》Concerto Grosso(1950)
协奏曲
钢琴
小提琴
中提琴
双簧管协奏曲，a小调，(双簧管及弦乐器)(1944)
为钢琴、合唱团和交响乐团所写的《为诗篇104篇而写的幻想曲(类近变奏曲)》Fantasia (quasi variazione) on the Old 104th Psalm Tune(1949)
为口琴及乐队所写的《降D大调浪漫曲》Romance in D flat for harmonica and orchestra(1951)(为拉利阿德勒Larry Adler所作)
f小调大号协奏曲(1954)
合唱
Toward the Unknown Region, song for chorus and orchestra, setting of Walt Whitman (1906)
Five Mystical Songsfor baritone, chorus and orchestra, settings of George Herbert (1911)
Fantasia on Christmas Carolsfor baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1912; arranged also for reduced orchestra of organ, strings, percussion)
Mass in G小调 for unaccompanied choir (1922)
Sancta Civitas(The Holy City) oratorio, text mainly from the Book of Revelation (1923-25)
Te Deum in G (1928)
Benedicitefor soprano, chorus, and orchestra (1929)
In Windsor Forest, adapted from the opera Sir John in Love(1929)
Three Choral Hymns(1929)
Magnificatfor contralto, women's chorus, and orchestra (1932)
Five Tudor Portraitsfor contralto, baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1935)
Dona nobis pacem,沃特·卫特曼词及其他(1936)
Festival Te Deumfor chorus and orchestra or organ (1937)
Serenade to Musicfor sixteen solo voices and orchestra, a setting of Shakespeare (1938)
A Song for Thanksgiving(原作 Thanksgiving for Victory) for narrator, soprano solo, children's chorus, mixed chorus, and orchestra (1944)
An Oxford Elegyfor narrator, mixed chorus and small orchestra (1949)
Three Shakespeare Songs，为SATB没有伴奏的，用作英联邦国家音乐竞赛 (The British Federation of Music Festivals National Competitive Festival ，1951)
Hodie, a Christmas oratorio (1954)
Folk songs of the Four Seasonsfor unaccompanied SSA chorus.
Epithalamionfor baritone solo, chorus, flute, piano, and strings (1957)
Numerous hymns, some of which were first published in the English Hymnal of 1906, of which Vaughan Williams was the musical editor, collaborating with Percy Dearmer.
声乐
"Linden Lea"，歌(1901)
The House of Life(1904)
Songs of Travel(1904)
"The Sky Above The Roof" (1908)
On Wenlock Edge, song cycle for tenor, piano and string quartet (1909)
Along the Field, for tenor and violin
Three Poems by Walt Whitmanfor baritone and piano (1920)
Four Poems by Fredegond Shove:for baritone and piano (1922)
Four Hymns for Tenor, Viola and Strings(1914)
Merciless Beautyfor tenor, two violins, and cello
Four Last Songs (Vaughan Williams)|Four Last Songsto poems of Ursula Vaughan Williams
Ten William Blake|Blake songs, song cycle for high voice and oboe (1957)
室内乐及乐器
c小调弦乐五重奏(小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴及钢琴)(1903)
g小调第1弦乐四重奏(1908)
a小调第2弦乐四重奏(1942-44)
《五重奏幻想曲》Phantasy Quintet(2小提琴、中提琴及2大提琴)(1912)
《六首英国民歌练习曲》Six Studies in English Folk-Song(大提琴及钢琴)(1926)
《三首以威尔士曲调而写成的前奏曲》Three Preludes on Welsh Hymn Tunes(管风琴)(1956)
为中提琴及钢琴的浪漫曲(日子不详)
管风琴
Three Preludes on Welsh Hymntunes(Bryn Calfaria, Rhosymedre, Hyfrydol) (1920)
A Wedding Tune for Ann(1943)
Two Organ Preludes(The White Rock, St. David's Day) (1956)
The Old Hundredth Psalm-Tune(?)
49th Parallel, 1940, his first, talked into it by Muir Mathieson to assuage his guilt at being able to do nothing for the war-effort
Coastal Command (film)|Coastal Command, 1942
BBC接纳了The Pilgrim's Progress, 1942
The People's Land, 1943
The Story of a Flemish Farm, 1943
Stricken Peninsula, 1945
The Loves of Joanna Godden, 1946
Scott of the Antarctic (1948 film)|Scott of the Antarctic, 1948, partially reused for his Symphony No. 7 Sinfonia Antartica
管乐团
《英国民歌组曲》"English Folk Song Suite"(1923)
Toccata Marzialefor military band (1924)
Flourish for Wind Band(1939)
Sea Songs
Overture: Henry Vfor brass band
Variationsfor brass band (1957)
参见
古典音乐作曲家列表
参考资料
^Vaughan Williams, Ursula.(1964)R.V.W. A Biography of Ralph Vaughan Williams, 牛津大学出版社，前言Notes on Names指Ralph之名音作Rayf，其他读音对他是一种羞辱。
^Frogley, Alain.‘Williams, Ralph Vaughan(1872–1958)’(需订阅). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 牛津大学出版社. 2004 — online edition May 2006 [2008-01-16]. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36636.
^Answers.com
